Gobee.bike \Hong Kong

Gobee.bike launched in 2017 as Hong Kong's first dockless bike-sharing platform, attempting to replicate the explosive growth of Mobike and Ofo in mainland China. The value proposition was compelling: GPS-enabled bikes accessible via smartphone app, no docking stations required, pay-per-ride pricing at ~$0.50 per 30 minutes. The 'why now' was perfect timing—bike-sharing was experiencing hypergrowth in Asia, cities were desperate for last-mile solutions, and smartphone penetration had reached critical mass. Gobee expanded aggressively to Europe (France, Belgium, Italy) within months, deploying thousands of bikes across multiple cities. The vision was to become the Uber of bikes, leveraging network effects and first-mover advantage in Western markets before Chinese giants arrived. However, the business model had a fatal flaw: it assumed rational user behavior and civic responsibility that simply didn't exist at scale.

SECTOR Consumer
PRODUCT TYPE Mobile App
TOTAL CASH BURNED $9.0M
FOUNDING YEAR 2017
END YEAR 2018

Discover the reason behind the shutdown and the market before & today

Failure Analysis

Failure Analysis

Gobee.bike died from a toxic combination of catastrophic unit economics and operational naivety that no amount of funding could overcome. The primary killer was...

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Market Analysis

Market Analysis

The micromobility market has undergone brutal consolidation since Gobee's 2018 collapse, with clear winners and losers emerging. In bike-sharing specifically, the dockless model that...

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Startup Learnings

Startup Learnings

Asset-heavy businesses with high theft/vandalism risk require deposits or closed ecosystems. Gobee's zero-deposit model invited abuse. Modern rebuilds must implement $50-100 deposits (refundable after...

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Market Potential

Market Potential

The global micromobility market is projected at $300-500 billion by 2030, but bike-sharing specifically has proven to be the weakest segment compared to e-scooters...

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Difficulty

Difficulty

The core technology stack (IoT locks, GPS tracking, mobile payments, fleet management) is significantly easier and cheaper to build today. In 2017, custom IoT...

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Scalability

Scalability

Bike-sharing has fundamentally poor scalability characteristics, which explains why even well-funded players like Ofo collapsed. The business model is asset-heavy with linear scaling: each...

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Rebuild & monetization strategy: Resurrect the company

Pivot Concept

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E-bike sharing platform exclusively for university campuses, leveraging student ID verification, semester-based subscriptions, and geofenced zones to solve the theft and unit economics problems that killed Gobee. Instead of competing in open urban markets against Lime and Bird, CampusCycle targets the 5,000+ universities globally with 10,000+ students—a $15B TAM with built-in accountability (students risk losing access if they misbehave), predictable demand (semester cycles), and controlled environments (campus boundaries). The modern rebuild leverages today's technology: off-the-shelf IoT locks with geofencing (Particle/Arduino), React Native for cross-platform mobile app, Stripe for subscription billing, Supabase for backend, and Mapbox for routing. The key innovation is the business model: $49/semester unlimited rides (vs. pay-per-ride), $100 refundable deposit, and B2B contracts with universities who subsidize 50% of student costs as a sustainability initiative. This creates a three-way value exchange: students get affordable transportation, universities hit green campus goals, and CampusCycle gets stable B2B revenue plus high utilization (8-12 rides per bike per day vs. 2-3 in open markets). Start with 10 universities in Year 1 (500 bikes each = 5,000 total fleet), prove 60%+ student adoption and positive unit economics, then scale to 100 campuses by Year 3. Exit via acquisition by Lime, Bird, or a university services company like Blackboard.

Suggested Technologies

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React Native for cross-platform mobile app (iOS/Android from single codebase)Supabase for backend (Postgres database, authentication, real-time subscriptions)Particle or Arduino for IoT connectivity (GPS tracking, remote lock/unlock, battery monitoring)Stripe for subscription billing and deposit managementMapbox for mapping, routing, and geofencingRetool for internal operations dashboard (fleet management, maintenance tracking, user support)Twilio for SMS notifications (bike availability, payment reminders, violation alerts)AWS IoT Core for device management and telemetry at scaleVercel for marketing website and admin portal hostingSegment for analytics and user behavior trackingSentry for error monitoring and crash reporting

Execution Plan

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Phase 1

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Step 1 - Single Campus Pilot (Wedge): Partner with one mid-sized university (15,000-25,000 students) for exclusive 12-month pilot. Deploy 200 e-bikes with basic IoT locks and GPS. Build React Native app with core features: bike locator, unlock via QR code, subscription management, and geofencing that locks bikes at campus boundaries. Offer $39/semester introductory pricing with $50 deposit. Target 30% student adoption (4,500 subscribers) in first semester via orientation week blitz, student government partnerships, and sustainability messaging. Focus on proving two metrics: 8+ rides per bike per day and sub-15% monthly loss/damage rates. Use Retool dashboard to manually manage operations (rebalancing, maintenance, customer support). Invest heavily in on-campus presence: branded bike stations at high-traffic areas, student ambassador program, and rapid response to maintenance issues. Goal is to demonstrate that controlled environment plus accountability mechanisms (student ID verification, deposits, geofencing) solve the theft problem that killed Gobee. Budget: $300K (200 bikes at $800 each = $160K, app development = $80K, operations for 6 months = $60K).

Phase 2

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Step 2 - Unit Economics Validation and B2B Model: In semester 2-3, optimize operations to achieve positive contribution margin. Key levers: increase pricing to $49/semester (still 80% cheaper than car parking), reduce maintenance costs via predictive algorithms (flag bikes needing service before they break), and negotiate B2B contract with university to subsidize $25 per student subscription as part of campus sustainability initiative. This creates stable revenue: if 5,000 students subscribe at $49 each, that is $245K per semester in B2C revenue, plus $125K in B2B revenue from university subsidy, totaling $370K per semester or $740K annually from one campus. Costs per campus: bike depreciation ($160K/3 years = $53K annually), maintenance ($30 per bike per month = $72K annually), operations staff (2 FTEs at $50K = $100K), technology and overhead ($50K) = $275K annually. Contribution margin: $465K per campus per year. At this point, expand to 3 additional pilot campuses (different geographies and sizes) to validate model portability. Raise $3M seed round on traction: 4 campuses, 15,000 subscribers, $2M ARR, path to profitability at 10 campuses.

Phase 3

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Step 3 - Geographic Expansion and Platform Build (Growth): Scale to 25 campuses over 18 months, targeting universities with 15,000+ students in dense college towns (Ann Arbor, Boulder, Austin, Chapel Hill, etc.). Standardize operations via technology: build automated rebalancing algorithms using historical demand data, implement computer vision for damage detection (users photograph bike before/after ride), and create self-service support via chatbot. Hire regional operations managers (1 per 10 campuses) to oversee local teams. Develop B2B sales playbook: target university sustainability offices and transportation departments with ROI case studies (reduced parking demand, lower carbon emissions, student satisfaction scores). Offer tiered pricing: Bronze (university subsidizes $15/student), Silver ($25/student with co-branded bikes), Gold ($40/student with dedicated campus bike lanes and charging stations). At 25 campuses with average 5,000 subscribers each, reach 125,000 total users and $15M ARR (mix of B2C and B2B revenue). Raise $20M Series A to fund expansion to 100 campuses and international markets (UK, Australia, Canada have similar university ecosystems).

Phase 4

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Step 4 - Moat Building and Exit Positioning: Achieve market leadership in university micromobility (100+ campuses, 500,000 users, $60M ARR) and build defensibility through: (1) Exclusive multi-year contracts with universities (3-5 year terms with auto-renewal), (2) Data moat (predictive models for demand, maintenance, and user behavior that new entrants can't replicate), (3) Brand loyalty (students who used CampusCycle in college become advocates in workforce, creating B2B opportunities with corporate campuses), and (4) Operational excellence (sub-10% monthly loss rates, 95%+ bike availability, 4.5+ star app ratings). Expand TAM by launching corporate campus product (Google, Apple, Meta all have sprawling campuses with shuttle bus problems) and partnering with transit agencies for last-mile connections. Position for acquisition by Lime or Bird (who want to diversify beyond e-scooters), a university services platform like Blackboard or Campus Labs, or a mobility giant like Uber or Lyft. Exit valuation target: $300-500M (5-8x ARR multiple for profitable, high-growth mobility business with defensible moat and clear expansion path).

Monetization Strategy

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Hybrid B2C and B2B subscription model with three revenue streams. Primary revenue is student subscriptions at $49 per semester for unlimited rides, targeting 40-60% penetration at each campus (realistic based on bike ownership rates and parking costs). At a 25,000-student university, 10,000 subscribers generate $490K per year. Secondary revenue is B2B contracts with universities who subsidize $15-40 per student subscription as part of sustainability and transportation budgets. Universities are motivated by reduced parking infrastructure costs ($5,000-10,000 per parking space to build), carbon neutrality goals, and student satisfaction. A $25 per student subsidy on 10,000 users adds $250K annually. Tertiary revenue is advertising and sponsorships: local businesses pay for branded bike stations or in-app promotions targeting captive student audience. Estimate $50K-100K per campus annually. Total revenue per campus: $790K-840K annually at maturity. Costs per campus: $275K (bikes, maintenance, operations, overhead). Contribution margin: $515K-565K per campus, or 65% margins. At 100 campuses, this is $79M-84M in revenue and $51M-56M in contribution profit. The model is capital-efficient because universities provide infrastructure (bike parking, charging stations) and regulatory approval, while students provide built-in accountability that reduces theft and vandalism. Expansion capital is primarily for bike inventory ($800 per e-bike, 500 per campus = $400K per new campus) and regional operations teams. Path to profitability at 15-20 campuses, then pure growth mode. Exit via acquisition at $300-500M valuation (5-8x ARR) to strategic buyer who values the university relationships, operational playbook, and expansion into corporate campuses.

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