Failure Analysis
Wonga died from a three-stage collapse rooted in a business model that externalized social costs. First, the growth engine was predatory by design: 60%...
Wonga promised instant, frictionless microloans (£50-£1000) delivered in minutes through a fully automated, algorithm-driven platform. The psychological hook was radical convenience and transparency in a market dominated by opaque, slow-moving banks and predatory doorstep lenders. For the first time, a cash-strapped worker could get £200 in their account at 11pm on a Tuesday without human judgment, paperwork, or waiting. The value proposition was speed, dignity, and algorithmic fairness—positioning itself as the 'tech-forward' alternative to loan sharks.
Wonga died from a three-stage collapse rooted in a business model that externalized social costs. First, the growth engine was predatory by design: 60%...
The UK short-term credit market has fundamentally restructured post-Wonga. Payday lending is effectively dead, replaced by three segments: employer-integrated salary advances (Wagestream, Hastee), BNPL...
Algorithmic approval is not the same as responsible lending. Wonga automated credit decisions to achieve speed, but their models optimized for default prediction, not...
The UK payday loan market collapsed from £2.5bn in 2013 to under £500m by 2020. Regulatory intervention worked—it killed the industry. The remaining demand...
The technical infrastructure is trivial today. Open banking APIs, cloud infrastructure, and off-the-shelf credit scoring models make building the core product a 6-week sprint....
Scalability is constrained by regulation and unit economics, not technology. The FCA's 2015 price cap (0.8% daily interest, £15 default fee maximum) fundamentally broke...
Develop worker-facing mobile app with instant wage access feature (request up to 50% of earned wages, receive within 60 minutes via Faster Payments) and simple emergency advance request flow
Create employer dashboard showing usage analytics, cost-benefit analysis (turnover reduction, absenteeism impact), and compliance reporting to demonstrate ROI
Launch pilot with 3-5 hospitality groups (200-500 employees each) in London, offering first 3 months free to employers in exchange for usage data and testimonials
Implement automated underwriting for emergency advances using 90 days of shift data—approve up to £150 for workers with 85%+ attendance and 6+ months tenure
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